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Iran’s Policy Ripple Effect

Around the World

CFR analyses and explainers that address global issues and challenges.

<p>U.S. and Chinese Banknotes.</p>
Nicolas Asfouri/AFP/Getty Images

China didn’t truly de-dollarize—it just shifted its dollar holdings from official reserves at SAFE to less transparent state entities like banks and investment funds.

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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is reshaping the world, raising urgent questions about which countries will set the rules, who will control the most powerful systems, and what the technology could mean for war, diplomacy, and economic competition.

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The Global Energy Innovation Index

CFR’s Global Energy Innovation Index measures the contributions of thirty-nine countries to the global process of improving energy technologies. Use this interactive tool to dive more deeply into the data for specific countries and indicators.

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Interview Series: Working in Foreign Policy

Podcasts

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The Spillover

Every geopolitical event — a war, an election, a new tariff, a technological breakthrough — sends ripples through the global economy. On The Spillover, Sebastian Mallaby and Rebecca Patterson trace those ripples, examining how international developments shape markets, policy, finance, and the future of business.

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Publications

CFR publishes reports and papers for the interested public, the academic community, and foreign policy experts.

Photo of president trump standing in front of a banner and a pile of steel rolls to mark deal between Nippon Steel and US Steel
Photo of president trump standing in front of a banner and a pile of steel rolls to mark deal between Nippon Steel and US Steel

CFR’s U.S. Government Deal Tracker shows how the government is experimenting with new tools and financing structures to advance a range of strategic sectors, including critical minerals, energy, global logistics, manufacturing, telecommunications, and other technologies.

By Jonathan E. Hillman

FinancingEnergyTechnologies
FinancingEnergyTechnologies

A gap in private funding for companies and projects inhibits energy innovation in the United States. This “missing middle” slows or blocks technologies that could help the energy system become more secure, affordable, reliable, and sustainable from advancing through the demonstration and scale-up stages. Recent events have made the missing middle wider.

An Iranian woman holding a poster depicting Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei walks under a large flag during the forty-seventh anniversary of the Islamic Revolution in Tehran, Iran on February 11, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/West Asia News Agency via Reuters
An Iranian woman holding a poster depicting Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei walks under a large flag during the forty-seventh anniversary of the Islamic Revolution in Tehran, Iran on February 11, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/West Asia News Agency via Reuters

Suzanne Maloney, vice president and director of the Brookings Institution’s Foreign Policy Program, recommends that the United States reconsider its assumptions around eventual leadership change in Tehran, revive regime accountability efforts, prepare for opportunistic escalation by proxy groups, and ready itself for renewed nuclear diplomacy.

A woman holds a picture of a victim of forced disappearance during a 2025 ceremony in Colombia to honor loved ones who remain missing.
A woman holds a picture of a victim of forced disappearance during a 2025 ceremony in Colombia to honor loved ones who remain missing.

CFR International Affairs Fellow in National Security Roxanna Vigil argues that the United States should engage early with Colombia’s next administration to signal support for full implementation of the 2016 Peace Accords and provide targeted assistance.

<p>A Ukrainian artilleryman uses a portable rocket launcher in Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia region on May 23, 2025.</p>
<p>A Ukrainian artilleryman uses a portable rocket launcher in Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia region on May 23, 2025.</p>

The world continues to grow more violent and disorderly. According to CFR’s annual conflict risk assessment, American foreign policy experts are acutely concerned about conflict-related threats to U.S. national security and international stability that are likely to emerge or intensify in 2026. In this report, surveyed experts rate global conflicts by their likelihood and potential harm to U.S. interests and, for the first time, identify opportunities for preventive action.

<p>Export-bound vehicles wait to be loaded onto roll-on/roll-off ships at Lianyungang Port in China, on December 1, 2025. </p>
<p>Export-bound vehicles wait to be loaded onto roll-on/roll-off ships at Lianyungang Port in China, on December 1, 2025. </p>

The primary U.S. response to China’s first-mover advantages in emerging auto technologies has been protection. A smarter strategy would seek to compete by supporting producers and collaborating with allies, while managing security risks.

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