The UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Draft Resolution 20/7: Promotion of Activities Relating to Combating Cybercrime, Including Technical Assistance and Capacity-building was adopted in April 2011.

The Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime, concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems, was adopted in Strasbourg, France on January 28, 2003.

This Congressional Research Service report compiles hearings, legislation, data, and other reports on cybersecurity.

Adam Segal says that rather than just defacing websites, Anonymous should target five specific Chinese websites to obtain real secrets.

This report discusses selected legal issues that frequently arise in the context of recent legislation to address vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure to cyber threats.

Richard Clarke, former special adviser to the president for cybersecurity, says the proposed cybersecurity bill would not do much to stop Chinese cyber espionage. He suggests that the Obama administration act to stop the threat.

UN General Assembly Resolution 57/239 regarding the "creation of a global culture of cybersecurity" was adopted on January 31, 2003.

The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime was opened for signature on November 23, 2001

The White House released this multinational statement on nuclear information security on March 27, 2012 during the U.S.' participation in the nuclear security summit in Seoul, South Korea.

Foreign Policy's Thomas Rid writes that we shouldn't fear the digital bogeyman--virtual conflict is still more hype than reality.

Recent cyber attacks on corporate, governmental, and non-profit organizations and prompted debate on Internet governance and Internet freedom. How can the United States protect "cyberspace as a national asset," without restricting "the free and open nature of the Internet"? What should countries consider when developing international cybersecurity standards and protocol? What should their citizens know to protect their information and their rights? Cybersecurity Policy Research Links provide news, background information, legislation, analysis, and international efforts to protect government and the public's information.

The Cybersecurity Act of 2012 (S. 2105) was introduced by Senator Joseph Lieberman in the U.S. Senate on February 14, 2012.

The summary states, "Directs the Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS), in consultation with owners and operators of critical infrastructure, the Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council, and other federal agencies and private sector entities, to: (1) to conduct a top-level assessment of cybersecurity risks to determine which sectors face the greatest immediate risk, and beginning with the sectors identified as having the highest priority, conduct, on a sector-by-sector basis, cyber risk assessments of the critical infrastructure; (2) establish a procedure for the designation of critical infrastructure; (3) identify or develop risk-based cybersecurity performance requirements; and (4) implement cyber response and restoration plans. Sets forth requirements for securing critical infrastructure, including notification of cyber risks and threats and reporting of significant cyber incidents affecting critical infrastructure."

In March 2011, the U.S. computer security company RSA announced that hackers had gained access to security tokens it produces that let millions of government and private-sector employees, including those of defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin, connect remotely to their office computers.

Most critical information systems in the United States are operated by the private sector and remain vulnerable to cyber attacks. Newly proposed legislation would require businesses to meet minimum standards of protection, but has raised concerns about regulatory overreach.

The Congressional Research Service reports that for more than a decade, various experts have expressed increasing concerns about cybersecurity in light of the growing frequency, impact, and sophistication of attacks on information systems in the United States and abroad. Consensus has also been building that the current legislative framework for cybersecurity might need to be revised.

The Congressional Research Service looks at some of issues surrounding America's critical infrastructure, identifying critical assets, assessing vulnerabilities and risks, and appraising policies.

Adam Segal says Chinese hacking is not going away soon, and with no international consensus on cyber standards, companies need to do a better job of protecting intellectual property and trade secrets.

Richard A. Falkenrath says changes to national privacy law are essential to protect personal privacy in the age of pervasive social media and cloud computing--and Google's new privacy policy points even more firmly to the need for a right to be forgotten.

The Department of Homeland Security national strategy on cybersecurity, "Blueprint for a Secure Cyber Future", was released in November 2011.

The foreward of this National Science and Technology Council strategy document, written by John P. Holdren (Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy) states,

"This report, Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Program was developed by the NITRD agencies and directly responds to the need for a new cybersecurity R&D strategy. As recommended in the CyberspacePolicy Review's near-term action plan, Trustworthy Cyberspace replaces the piecemeal approaches of the past with a set of coordinated research priorities whose promise is to "change the game," resulting in a trustworthy cyberspace. As called for in the policy review's mid-term action plan, this plan identifies opportunities to engage the private sector in activities for transitioning promising R&D into practice. In addition, and consistent with the PCAST recommendations, it prioritizes the development of a "science of security" to derive first principles and the fundamental building blocks of security and trustworthiness.

I am pleased to commend this Federal cybersecurity R&D strategic plan as part of the Administration's comprehensive effort to secure the future of the Nation's digital infrastructure."