Last winter, a wave of mass demonstrations suddenly broke the surface calm of Russian politics.

Recent advances have made wind and solar power more competitive than ever. Still, governments must redesign their policies and help renewables slash costs.

The world cannot let the March disaster at Japan's Fukushima power plant scare it into forgoing the benefits of nuclear energy—a cheap, reliable, and safe source of electricity

No state with serious oil wealth has ever transformed into a democracy.

Saudi Arabia and other OPEC members have long maintained large oil reserves to limit volatility in oil prices.

The economic crisis did not alter the deep structural changes already in global energy markets.

Thanks to high oil prices and hefty subsidies, corn-based ethanol is now all the rage in the United States. But it takes so much supply to keep ethanol production going that the price of corn -- and those of other food staples -- is shooting up around the world. To stop this trend, and prevent even more people from going hungry, Washington must conserve more and diversify ethanol's production inputs.

The world needs more energy, and there is one clean, efficient, and safe way to get it: nuclear power. As the global appetite for electricity grows, atomic power -- which scarcely pollutes, generates relatively little solid waste, and is far more efficient than the alternatives -- should be embraced. A worldwide effort to develop and share nuclear technology is in all our interests.

This module features teaching notes by Michael A. Levi, director of the CFR-sponsored Independent Task Force report, Confronting Climate Change: A Strategy for U.S. Policy, along with other resources to supplement the text. This report lays out a U.S. negotiating proposal for a global climate accord, including what the United States should be willing to offer and what it should expect others to do in order to confront climate change.

This module features teaching notes by CFR fellow Charles D. Ferguson, the author of Nuclear Energy, along with other resources to supplement the text.  In the report, Ferguson examines the benefits and limits of nuclear power, arguing that the United States and international partners must find effective ways to address risks if the use of nuclear energy is to be realistically expanded.

Sanctions over Iran's nuclear program have triggered threats involving the strategic Strait of Hormuz and new debate over the methods chosen to pressure Tehran.

The Russia-Ukraine gas dispute has heightened interest in diversifying EU energy sources. Climate change policies, environmental concerns, and economic hurdles stand in the way.

Barack Obama says he is serious about sharply reducing carbon emissions. But some experts see the recession, and competing "green" agendas, posing major obstacles to new climate change policy.

Global oil production is flat and could fall if tightening credit limits further investment. The possibility of shrinking supplies has raised new concerns about spiking prices.

CFR.org provides a collection of resources on energy and climate change policy.

The unfolding financial crisis and credit crunch creates new political and economic challenges on greenhouse gas reductions schemes. Some experts fear a retreat on climate policy, while others stress that opportunities for green investments still exist.

A more aggressive domestic energy policy has emerged as a Republican Party priority, setting the stage for heightened debate with Democrats in the presidential race this fall.

Rising commodity prices have boosted mining profits, bringing windfalls to some regions and raising the possibility of large-scale industry consolidation.

Iraq says it wants to sell oil contracts to foreign energy firms. The potential impact on energy markets could be large, but practical and political obstacles still prevent rapid production increases.

The rise of oil prices prompts calls for policy fixes, sparking heated debate among investors, politicians, and the energy industry.