Edward Alden, Bryan Roberts, and John Whitley argue that the Obama administration can gain the trust of Congress and a skeptical public only by developing and publicly reporting real measures on the effectiveness of border enforcement.

Edward Alden says increased internal and external border enforcement as well as economic crisis has decreased the population of unauthorized immigrants in both Europe and the US. Policies should provide incentives to encourage legal migration rather than just disincentives against illegal migration.

Jagdish Bhagwati and Francisco Rivera-Batiz suggest that interstate competition for illegal labor will force states with tough illegal immigration policies to soften their stances.

Elliott Abrams says, "a larger Haitian diaspora would be a far better base for the country's economic future than aid pledges that may or may not be met."

Massive flight from Middle East and North African turmoil has highlighted immigration problems plaguing the European Union, says Jean-Phillipe Chauzy of the International Organization for Migration. He says the EU must address comprehensive reform and also invest in countries like Tunisia to stem the long-term flow of migration.

Dalton Conley, professor of sociology at New York University, discusses sub-Saharan Africa’s high fertility rates and their implications for the continent's economic growth.

The Economic Community of West African States' (ECOWAS) Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Residence, and Establishment was adopted on May 29, 1979.

The UN Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air was adopted on November 15, 2004 and entered into force on January 28, 2004.

The Protocol to the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was adopted by the UN General Assembly as resolution 2198 on December 16, 1966 and entered into force on October 4, 1967.

The ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers was adopted by the ASEAN heads of state at the 12th ASEAN Summit on January 13, 2007 in Cebu, Philippines.

The Organization of American States Inter-American Program for the Promotion and Protection of the Human Rights of Migrants, Including Migrant Workers and their Families "delegates 33 specific activities intended for the protection of the human rights of migrants in different areas of the General Secretariat of the OAS. Among others, these activities include the study and the dissemination of national migratory legislation, the exchange of information and technical assistance in the area of human rights with state governments and government officials, the development of programs for the protection of migrant women and children, research into the political participation of migrants, and the exchange of best practices between the different actors of this Program." It was officially approved on June 7, 2005.

"Flows of migrants and refugees influence and change the social, economic and political dynamics of their destinations -- and the places they have left behind," writes the Inter Press Service on human migration. In the United States, politicians are saying they are committed to reform of the U.S. immigration system. Immigration Research Links provides resources for news, legislation, statistics, organizations, and reports on immigration.

In advance of the Global Forum on Migration and Development in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, join Assistant Secretary of State Eric Schwartz for a discussion of U.S. policy on international migration and the foreign policy aspects of the domestic immigration debate.

The roundtable series on Global Islamic Politics facilitates discussion and debate on key issues that will shape the direction of politics in the Muslim world in the coming years and their ensuing impact on U.S. foreign policy. Olivier Roy discusses the future of radical Islam in Europe.

This portion of the symposium addresses specific health and security issues related to human trafficking and examines the efficacy of national and international legislation designed to combat trafficking.

Ambassador John R. Miller talks about his efforts to strengthen the U.S. response to human trafficking and coordinate other countries around the world.