Around the world, new technologies and political openinigs pit traditional societies against the force of global ideas and the pressures they bring for change. Many of these societies are majority Muslim. This study group explored some Muslim responses to these new condidtions by looking at the public activities of individuals and institutions within their own societies. It probed the links between their development options and Western models of modernization, examining in particular various perceptions of the U.S. role in these global transformations. The sessions dealt with election of Islam, the transformation of associational life, contemporary Muslim thinkers, and the impact of the new media and the flow of ideas.