The effectiveness of the new NATO and American-European security architecture has been tested by the conflict in the former Yugoslavia. The progress of the peace agreement in Bosnia, a year after NATO's intervention and the Dayton-Paris agreement, was assessed in a frank two-day conference, involving key players from the theatre, as well as Washington and European policymakers, political scientists, and historians. Participants looked at the problems of economic reconstruction, refugee return, reforming police, war crimes prosecutions, conducting elections and building representative state institutions that do not cement the gains of ethnic cleansing. The new Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, was the keynote speaker; among the other distinguished speakers were Antonio Cassese, President of the International Tribunal for War Crimes in the former Yugoslavia, and Robert Frowick, head of the OSCE mission in Bosnia. The proceedings will be published.