This roundtable covered two "unconventional" terrorist threats to the United States. The first meeting, "Global Monitoring of Infectious Disease: The National-Security Implications," addressed the national security implications of the global monitoring system for infectious disease. Margaret Hamburg of the Department of Health and Human Services spoke about the U.S. monitoring system and the role of HHS in fighting biological terrorism; Stephen Morse of the Defense Advanced Research Agency discussed the strengths and weaknesses of the global regime and the role of PROMED. The second session, "Sources of Terrorism in South Asia and the Middle East," consisted of three panel presentations by regional academic and policy experts on the sources of extremism, the movements and groups involved in violent opposition, and the challenge posed by fundamentalists to governments and regional stability. In recognition of the important role of news organizations in covering terrorist incidents in these regions, one panel was devoted to the discussion of the sometimes controversial presentation of terrorism in the media.