home > by publication type > daily analysis > The Uneven Path Toward Intelligence Reform
Email
| Author: | Eben Kaplan |
|---|
After six years, Osama Bin Laden remains at large. ( AP Images/ Site Institute via AP Television News)
In discussing the “war on terror” at the Council on Foreign Relations last week, Michael V. Hayden, director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), said, “It’s an intelligence war more than it’s a military one.” Indeed, U.S. intelligence agencies have figured prominently in the post-9/11 national security paradigm, but have also shouldered much of the blame for their failure to the nation before the 9/11 attacks. A recently declassified CIA report details these shortcomings. The 2005 report (PDF) of the Weapons of Mass Destruction commission details additional mistakes made in the run-up to the Iraq war, while making a number of suggestions to improve U.S. intelligence agencies. The past six years have seen numerous efforts to reform the United States’ sometimes disparate intelligence community—including the 2004 Intelligence Reform Act that created the Office of the Director of National Intelligence—but experts say many of the old problems remain.
One area of frustration for the U.S. intelligence community is Osama bin Laden, whose appearance in a new video (BBC) serves as a reminder that the al-Qaeda leader remains at large, plotting future attacks against the nation. The CIA disbanded its unit devoted to tracking bin Laden in 2006, a move Michael Scheuer, the former CIA agent who founded the unit, calls “a crazy decision” that was made for purely bureaucratic reasons.
More importantly, much of the bureaucracy that led to the “stovepiping (New Yorker)” of intelligence still lingers. Writing in Foreign Affairs, Director of National Intelligence Mike McConnell pledges to overhaul the nation’s sixteen different intelligence agencies so that they function collaboratively, similar to the “joint” structure of the four branches of the U.S. military. To this end, NPR reports that new recruits for the Federal Bureau of Intelligence (FBI), CIA, and other agencies have begun training together. In April, McConnell released a 100-Day Plan (PDF) to improve integration and collaboration among the intelligence community. During a subsequent visit to CFR, McConnell expressed his displeasure with security clearances for new employees that take up to a year to complete. Retired Air Force General John Casciano outlines his own ideas (GovExec) for fixing this process.
According to CFR’s Steven Simon, a former National Security Council counterterrorism official, many of the institutional problems that prevented intelligence sharing before 9/11 “have reasserted themselves.” As this Backgrounder explains, some experts perceive a set of broader cultural issues that continues to plague the intelligence community. State governments have attempted to take up the intelligence-sharing mantle by creating “fusion centers,” intelligence hubs designed to bring together state and federal agencies under one roof, but a recent Congressional Research Service report provides a damning assessment of their efficacy.
Yet intelligence officials consider the absence of a major attack on U.S. soil since 9/11 a confirmation of their good work. “America hasn’t just been lucky,” Hayden told his CFR audience last week, “and it isn’t as if the terrorists have been lazy or just aren’t trying.”
Weigh in on this issue by emailing CFR.org.
Explore international efforts to curb nuclear proliferation with a new interactive from CFR's program on International Institutions and Global Governance.
To order Task Force reports, Council Special Reports, and Critical Policy Choices, please call, fax, or order online from our distributor, the Brookings Institution Press: phone +1.800.537.5487, fax +1.410.516.6998.
For information on other reports that are not for sale, or for general publications information, please call +1.212.434.9516 or email publications@cfr.org.
In War of Necessity, War of Choice, Richard N. Haass contrasts the decisions that shaped the conduct of two wars between the United States and Iraq involving the two presidents Bush and Saddam Hussein, and writes an authoritative, personal account of how U.S. foreign policy is made, what it should seek, and how it should be pursued.
In Cuba: What Everyone Needs to Know, Julia E. Sweig presents a remarkably accessible portrait of Cuba’s unique place on the world stage over the past fifty years, including its internal politics, its often fraught relationship with the United States, and its shifting relationship with the global community.
As Ray Takeyh shows in Guardians of the Revolution, behind the famous personalities and extremist slogans of Iran is a nation that is far more pragmatic—and complex—than many in the West have been led to believe.
Complete list of CFR Books
This report finds that nuclear weapons will remain a fundamental element of U.S. national security in the near term, and makes recommendations on how to ensure the safety, security, and reliability of the U.S. deterrent nuclear force, prevent nuclear terrorism, and strengthen the nuclear nonproliferation regime.
About Independent Task Forces at CFR
Complete list of Task Force reports
The Canadian oil sands present an important challenge to policymakers: they promise energy security benefits but present climate change problems. Michael A. Levi assesses the energy security and climate change effects of the oil sands and makes recommendations for U.S. policymakers within the context of broader bilateral relations with Canada.
This report explores an important element of the maritime policy regime: the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Author Scott G. Borgerson examines the international negotiations that led to the convention, the history of debates in the United States over whether to join it, and the strategic importance of the oceans for U.S. foreign policy today.
Complete list of Council Special Reports
To request permission to reprint or reuse CFR material, please fill out this permissions request form (PDF), referring to the instructions on page 1.
Copyright 2009 by the Council on Foreign Relations. All Rights Reserved.