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April 16, 2008
Council on Foreign Relations
Photos: Associated Press, Corbis, and Getty Images, unless otherwise labeled.
Video: Associated Press Archives
Captions by Timecode:
00:08 Leaders of the Western Allies at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. (AP)
00:13 The inaugural meeting of the League of Nations. (League of Nations Photo Archive/UNOG)
00:19 An Israeli settler in hisWest Bankhome, 1987. (Judah Passow)
00:26 A Palestinian running with the national flag, 1987. (Judah Passow)
00:27 A Palestinian woman and child at the Rafah refugee camp in the Gaza Strip, 2002. (AP/Khalil Hamra)
00:31 U.S. President George W. Bush, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, 2003. (AP/J. Scott Applewhite)
00:33 Palestinian police restrain a youth during clashes with Israeli soldiers in the West Bank city of Hebron, 1997. (AP/Eyal Warshavsky)
00:38 A Palestinian man in an Israeli detention area outside the West Bank town of Ramallah, 2007. (AP/Emilio Morenatti)
00:43 Alexandre-Jean-BaptisteHesse’sThe Taking of Beirutby the Crusaders in 1197. (© Corbis)
00:46 British businessmen and government officials led by an armored car on their way through Jerusalem, 1947. (AP)
00:50 Arabs fighting against the partition of Palestine guard a position in the hills near Nablus, 1948. (AP/Jim Pringle)
00:57 Arabs opposed to the UN partition plan on guard in Jerusalem, 1948. (AP/Pringle)
1:00 Displaced Jews outside Tel Aviv, 1947. (AP/Pringle)
1:07 Woodcut depicting the burning of Jews in an unknown Central European village, 1495. (© Christel Gerstenberg/Corbis)
1:12 Painting with Latin text depicting an eleventh-century pogrom against Jews in North Africa. (Illustration by Matthew Paris)
1:15 The Spanish Inquisition at work in a torture chamber, circa 1520. (Three Lions/Getty Images)
1:17 Nazi Brown Shirts in Berlin hold a sign reading, “Germans: Defend Yourselves! Do Not Buy from Jews,” 1933. (Public Domain)
1:22 Theodor Herzl, a Hungarian-born Jew who founded the modern Zionist movement in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the late nineteenth century. (AP/PID/Zionistisches Archive)
1:28 Jewish youths liberated from the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany en route to the British Mandate of Palestine, June 1945. The girl on the left is from Poland, the boy in the center is from Latvia, and the girl holding the flag is from Hungary. (AP)
1:31 A British infantryman on duty in Jerusalem’s Old City, 1948. (AP)
1:36 British Marines guarding an armored train at Haifa in Palestine, 1936. (Brown/Fox Photos/Getty Images)
1:41 British soldiers run through the old city of Jerusalem, date unknown. (Fox Photos/Getty Images)
1:54 Lt. Col. T.E. Lawrence, aka “Lawrence of Arabia,” during his tour of duty in the Levant during World War I. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
2:02 Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, a British ally who led the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule and briefly ruled Mecca and Medina before the House of Saud displaced him. (© Bettmann/Corbis)
2:13 British troops advance on an Arab rally in Jerusalem, 1936. (AP)
2:17 British paratroopers take up positions in Tel Aviv after a night of rioting, 1945. (AP)
2:21 A British Army truck that was attacked and set on fire during riots protesting a curfew in Tel Aviv, 1945. (AP)
2:26 Jewish property vandalized by Nazis in Berlin on Kristallnacht, 1938. (AP)
2:30 German Jews find shelter in Belgium, 1939. (Keystone/Getty Images)
2:35 Concentration camps like Auschwitz claimed millions of Jews and other victims of Hitler’s Holocaust who couldn’t flee, 1943. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
2:38 Grand Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini shakes hands with Heinrich Himmler, leader of Nazi Germany’s Waffen-SS. (© Corbis)
2:44 Members of the radical Zionist group Irgun, or “National Military Organization in the Land of Israel,” in action inPalestine, 1947. (AP/James Pringle)
2:47 Members of the radical Zionist group Irgun in Tel Aviv, 1947. (AP/James Pringle)
3:28 A crowd of Arab demonstrators on Julian’s Way, Jerusalem, during a three-day strike against the UN’s partition plan, 1947. (AP/James Pringle)
3:35 Civilians on the debris-laden Ben Yehuda Street in Jerusalem following the explosion in the heart of the city’s Jewish business district, 1948. (AP)
3:46 The UN General Assembly in session, 1947. (AP/Harry Harris)
3:49 Israel delegation to United Nations, 1947. (© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis)
3:56 Jordanian troops, also known as the Arab Legion and trained by British Lt. Gen. John Bagot Glubb, fighting from the walls of Jerusalem during the 1947 war. (John Phillips/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
4:00 Israeli infantry in action against Egyptian forces in the Negev Desert, 1947. (Keystone/Getty Images)
4:04 A wrecked vehicle rests near an Egyptian army camp in the Gaza Strip. (AP)
4:30 On the road toLebanonin northernIsrael, Arab refugees stream from what was then Palestine to flee fighting in theGalileeregion, 1948. (AP)
4:36 Arab refugees fromHaifadisembarking at Port Said,Egypt, 1948. (Keystone/Getty Images)
4:40 A group of Arab refugees from the Galileeregion walk along the dusty road from Jerusalem to Lebanon, carrying their children and belongings with them, 1948. (AP/Pringle)
4:49 Barbed wire marks the separation of the eastern and western sections of Jerusalem after the UN-brokered cease-fire, 1948. (AP)
4:52 Jewish immigrants ejected from homes in Arab lands disembark at the Tel Aviv harbor, 1948. (AFP/Getty Images)
4:56 Displaced Jews from Europe board a bus en route toIsrael, circa 1949. (Popperfoto/Getty Images)
4:59 Palestinian refugees in the Shuneh refugee camp in Jordan, 1949. (Charles Hewitt/Picture Post/Getty Images)
5:04 French and Syrian officials discussing the terms of Syria’s independence. (© Bettmann/Corbis)
5:11 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, 1954. (AP)
5:15 Arab leaders meeting at the Second Arab Summit of the Arab League in Beirut, 1956. (AP)
5:18 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser acclaimed by residents of Cairo, 1954 (AP)
5:23 The Italian liner Oceania, bound for Australia, sails through the Suez Canal, 1957. The Oceania was the first liner to pass through the canal since its blockage by Egypt prior to the 1956 War. (AP/Raoul Fornezza)
5:29 Anglo-French talks on theSuez Canal, 1956. (AP/ Raoul Fornezza)
5:34 U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. (AP)
5:39 Hungarians mount a captured Soviet tank in Budapest during the 1956 revolution. (AP)
5:42 British Prime Minister Anthony Eden, 1956. (AP)
5:46 British troops disembark from Port Said, Egypt, 1956. (AP)
5:49 U.S. Marines mount a brief intervention to back the pro-western government of Lebanon, 1956. (© Bettmann/Corbis)
5:53 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser addressing the nation, 1956. (AP)
5:56 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Cairo as he presides over the first full cabinet meeting of the United Arab Republic—the unified Egyptian-Syrian state, 1958. (AP)
6:03 Israeli tanks operating in the Sinai desert, 1967. (AP)
6:06 Israeli half-tracks on maneuvers, 1967. (AP)
6:20 Israeli soldiers dance in celebration at the capture of the Wailing Wall in Old Jerusalem, 1967. (AP)
6:21 From left, Israeli generals Uzi Narkiss, Moshe Dayan, and Ariel Sharon during the 1967 War. (AP/Israeli Army)
6:31 The sprawling Jewish settlement of Ariel in the West Bank. (OCHA/Nir Kafri)
6:37 Jewish settlers relax at a nascent West Bank settlement on what just years earlier had been Jordanian land, 1975. (Fox Photos/Getty Images)
6:42 Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba speaking to Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser during the Arab League Summit in Khartoum, 1967. (©Corbis)
7:03 The United National Security Council deliberates during the 1967 War. (© Bettmann/Corbis)
7:13 Israeli troops enter Gaza City, 1967. (AP)
7:18 An Israeli soldier peers across the Allenby Bridge into Jordan, 1967. (Getty Images)
7:24 The New York Daily News reads “Fierce Battle In Mideast” as the UN Security Council meets to discuss ways to bring about a cease-fire. (© Bettmann/Corbis)
7:27 Israeli soldiers interrogate Arabs at Jabalia refugee camp in the Gaza Strip, 1967. (Terrence Spencer/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
7:39 Israeli tanks pass a Syrian hulk in the Golan Heights, 1973. (AP/Spartaco Bodini)
7:44 Soviet strategic missiles on parade during May Day celebrations in Moscow’s Red Square. (AP)
7:56 Cars lined up at a gas station in New York City, 1973. (AP/Marty Lederhandler)
8:01 Motorists awaiting service at a gas station in Surrey, a county south ofLondon, 1973. (AP/Bob Dear)
8:04 The palace of the Prince of Medina. (© Corbis)
8:09 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) meets in Kuwait, 1973. (AP)
8:12 An AWACS radar-surveillance plane. The sale of these aircraft to Saudi Arabia by the Reagan administration in 1981 raised an outcry from Israel and many of its supporters in the United States. (NATO)
8:16 Soviet T-72 tanks, displayed publicly for the first time in 1977, travel across Red Square in Moscow during that year’s parade in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. The T-72 became the main battle tank of many Arab armies—including Syria, Iraq, and Libya—over the next decade. (AP/Boris Yurchenko)
8:19 Egypt and Israel sign the Sinai I Agreement, 1973. (Getty Images)
8:29 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli President Menachem Begin, 1977. (Getty Images)
8:36 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands. (Getty Images)
8:41 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat speaks during his historic visit to Jerusalem, 1977. (AFP/Getty Images)
8:44 Hosted by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin meet at Camp David, Maryland, 1978. (AP)
8:50 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin sit and talk in U.S. President Jimmy Carter’s Camp David office. (Getty Images)
8:54 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands to seal the Camp David Agreement, 1978. (AP/Bob Daugherty)
8:57 Israeli construction crews dismantle Sinai settlements after the agreement to return the peninsula to Egypt. (AP/Israeli Government Press Office)
9:02 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat stand together during the playing of the national anthem at the Marine Evening Dress Parade at Camp David, 1978. (© Bettmann/Corbis)
9:06 U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in Cairo, 1977. (© Wally McNamee/Corbis)
9:12 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin embrace as U.S. President Jimmy Carter looks on, 1978. Sadat and Begin were named joint winners of the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. (AP)
9:16 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin. (AP)
9:24 Egyptians celebrate the signing of the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, 1979. (© Patrick Chauvel/Sygma/Corbis)
9:29 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, 1978. (AP Photo)
9:36 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat meets Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in Aswan, Egypt, for talks on the normalization of relations between their two countries, 1980. (Keystone/Getty Images)
9:55 Ayman Al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian-born radical who was among those jailed for Egyptian President Anwar Sadat’s assassination, became deputy leader of Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaeda organization. (AFP/Getty Images)
9:59 President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at the Madrid Peace Conference, 1991. (Dirck Halstead/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
10:03 Hamas supporters rally against continued peace talks, 2002. (AP/Adel Hana)
10:08 President George H.W. Bush and Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat (AP/Christobal Perez)
10:12 Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and U.S. President Bill Clinton meet during the Oslo peace process. (AP/Khue Bui)
10:16 Syrian President Hafez al-Assad with U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright in Damascus, 1997. (AP/George Ashi, Pool)
10:20 World leaders, including U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, attend the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference. (© Corbis)
10:27 Conference table at the Madrid Peace Conference. (AP/Stf/Nighswander)
10:36 From left, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, U.S. President Bill Clinton, and Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat watch Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres sign the Oslo Accords, 1993. (AP/Ron Edmonds)
10:40 Israel’s “Peace Now” movement rallying in support of the faltering Oslo Accords, 1996. (AP/Jerome Delay)
10:44 President Bill Clinton with Jordan’s King Hussein and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1994. (AP/Greg Gibson)
10:48 Palestinian men burn an Israeli flag outside the civil administration building in the West Bank city of Nablus on the eve of Israel’s turnover of the area to the Palestinian Authority, 1995. (AP/Eyal Warshavsky)
10:52 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, center, with his arm around Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, left, waves to a crowd gathered in Tel Aviv during a peace rally, 1995. Moments later, Rabin was shot and wounded by an Israeli extremist opposed to the peace process. (AP/Nati Harnik)
10:56 Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. (AP/Nati Harnik)
10:59 Norwegian Foreign Minister Johan Jorgen Holst, left, facilitates the signing of the peace agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Also seated are Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, both of whom, together with PLO leader Yasir Arafat, went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize for signing the agreement. (© Peter Turnley/Corbis)
11:02 Police push Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin into a car after he was fatally wounded, 1995 (AP)
11:11 Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, U.S. President Bill Clinton, and Palestinian President Yasir Arafat talking at Camp David, 2000. (AP/Ron Edmonds)
11:17 Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, U.S. President Bill Clinton, and Palestinian President Yasir Arafat at Camp David, 2000. (AP/Ron Edmonds)
11:20 Israeli armor withdrawing from the self-declared “security zone” in southernLebanon, 2000. (AP/Ariel Schalit)
11:24 Israeli armor withdrawing from the self-declared “security zone” in southernLebanon, 2000. (AP/Ariel Schalit)
11:28 Hezbollah fighters celebrate after Israeli forces leave southern Lebanon, 2000. (AP/Mohamed Zatari)
11:32 Syrian troops wave as they depart from two decades of occupation in Lebanon, 2005. (AP)
11:38 Israeli soldiers removing Jewish settlers during Gaza pullout, 2005. (Shaul Schwarz/Getty Images)
11:43 Palestinians breached the wall marking the Rafah border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt following the Hamas takeover, 2006. (AP)
11:47 Hamas supporters show their colors in the West Bank. (AP/Elizabeth Dalziel)
11:51 In a still from a video, the militant group Palestinian Islamic Jihad identify a suicide bomber from the West Bank town of Jenin. The bomber detonated himself at a fast food restaurant in Tel Aviv during Passover in 2006, killing himself and eight people and wounding forty-nine. (AP/Islamic Jihad/ho)
11:53 A Lebanese child pulled from the rubble of an apartment block destroyed by an Israeli air strike during fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, 2006. (AP/Nasser Nasser)
11:59 Palestinians gather to vote outside a main polling station near the ancient wall that surrounds Jerusalem's Old City, 2006. Hamas emerged victorious in the vote. (AP/Oded Balilty)
12:04 Ismail Haniyeh, the Hamas leader who served as Palestinian prime minister during the brief coexistence of Hamas and Fatah that ended when Hamas ousted Fatah supporters from Gaza, 2007. (AP)
12:09 The victims of a suicide bomb attack ultimately claimed by Hamas lie on the sidewalk in Tel Aviv, 1996. (AP/Noam Vind)
12:14 The victims of a suicide bomb attack ultimately claimed by Hamas lie on the sidewalk in Tel Aviv, 1996. (AP/Noam Vind)
12:23 An Israeli woman in the southern city of Sderot looks at the damage from a Qassam rocket fired by Palestinian militants in Gaza, 2007. (AP/Sebastian Scheiner)
12:25 Thousands of Fatah supporters gather at a rally to mark the third anniversary of the death of former Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat in Gaza City, 2007. (AP/Hatem Moussa)
12:30 Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, left, and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, right, shake hands as President George W. Bush looks on during the opening session of the Mideast conference at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, 2007. (AP/Hatem Moussa)
12:35 Mahmoud Abbas, interim Palestinian leader and front-runner in the Palestinian presidential elections, waves to the crowd during a campaign rally in the West Bank town of Jenin, 2004. (AP/Nasser Nasser)
12:39 Workers building a “separation barrier” between the Israeli settlement of Kfar Saba and a nearby Arab community in the West Bank, 2002. (AP)
12:44 Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat addresses the United Nations, 1974. (AP)
12:45 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger address reporters in Egypt, 1974. (AP)
12:48 The Israeli flag flies over the Suez Canal, 1973. (AP)
12:51 Hamas supporters at a rally in the West Bank, 2006. (AP/Muhammed Muheisen)
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