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  The Anthrax Letters

  Updated: January 2006

  • How many letters containing anthrax were sent out in the 2001 attacks?
  • How many people contracted anthrax from these letters?
  • How many died?
  • Did anyone catch anthrax who didn’t work for the media or the postal service?
  • How were those unconnected with the media or postal service exposed?
  • How could letters be cross-contaminated?
  • Is one person or group sending the anthrax?

  ---

  How many letters containing anthrax were sent out in the 2001 attacks?

  FBI investigators believe four letters were sent. Contaminated letters sent to the New York Post and NBC’s Tom Brokaw had a September 18, 2001, postmark. Letters to Senator Tom Daschle and Senator Patrick Leahy—postmarked October 9—carried a more potent form of anthrax. There were also confirmed anthrax cases at American Media, in Florida, and at the New York offices of CBS and ABC, though FBI investigators do not believe letters were sent to these offices.

  How many people contracted anthrax from these letters?

  Twenty-three, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

  How many died?

  Five.

  Did anyone catch anthrax who didn’t work for the media or the postal service?

  Yes. Of the people who contracted anthrax, eleven worked for the postal service and eight for media organizations. (An infant visiting her mother at ABC News in New York also fell ill.) Three other people—a bookkeeper in New Jersey, a nurse in New York City, and an elderly widow in rural Connecticut—also caught anthrax. The nurse and the widow died.

  How were those unconnected with the media or postal service exposed?

  Probably through mail that crossed paths with an anthrax-contaminated letter, according to government investigators. Anthrax spores were found in the New Jersey bookkeeper’s mailroom. In the other two cases, no trace of anthrax was found in their mail, their homes, or anywhere they had visited before falling ill. According to postal records, however, letters headed for their neighborhoods passed through the same sorting machine as those sent to the senators, and at around the same time.

  How could letters be cross-contaminated?

  It is not entirely clear, but if small spores have their electrostatic charge altered so they disperse more readily—as was the case with the anthrax spores in the letters sent to the senators—they could leak out of a sealed envelope. Sorting machines may have stirred up the spores as the letters moved through.

  Is one person or group sending the anthrax?

  An FBI handwriting analysis indicates that the four letters and envelopes found thus far were written by one person.

   

  Weigh in on this issue by emailing CFR.org.

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  New CFR Books

  

  In The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State, Noah Feldman tells the story behind the increasingly popular call for the establishment of the sharia—the law of the traditional Islamic state—in the modern Muslim world.

  

  In Regional Monetary Integration, Peter B. Kenen poses an important question: Should various country groups follow the lead of the European Monetary Union and form similar full-fledged monetary unions?

  

  Walter Russell Mead recounts the story of the centuries-long rivalry between the English- speaking peoples and their enemies in God and Gold.

  Complete list of CFR Books.

  

  

  New from the Council: Policy Options Papers

  Kenya

  In this POP, Adjunct Fellow Michelle D. Gavin suggests steps the Bush administration could take to promote political and ethnic reconciliation and to restore the viability of Kenya’s governing institutions.

  Pakistan

  In this paper, Senior Fellow Daniel Markey poses a set of recommendations for the United States to consider in response to Pakistan’s ongoing political crisis.

  

  

  A Citizen's Guide
  to Africa

  

  To address the growing importance of Africa, the Council on Foreign Relations and Foreign Affairs present Beyond Humanitarianism, a collection of recent work that explains underlying trends on the continent and provides an absorbing look at Africa’s emergence as a strategic player on the world stage.

  

  

  May/June 2008

  • Nicholas Kristof of the New York Times calls "Beyond Darfur" by Andrew Natsios, an important article in the latest issue of Foreign Affairs.

  

  

  

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