Post-Communism

Four Perspectives

Book by Michael Mandelbaum, Editor

January 1, 1996

Order Print Copy

Book: Foreign policy analyses written by CFR fellows and published by the trade presses, academic presses, or the Council on Foreign Relations Press.

More on:

How have the twenty-seven countries that emerged from communist rule between 1989 and 1992 fared since then? Postcommunism: Four Perspectives offers distinctive analyses by four leading scholars of politics, on the single most important social, political, and economic development of the last decade of the twentieth century.

A Council on Foreign Relations Book

More on:

Explore More on Democracy

Hong Kong’s Freedoms: What China Promised and How It’s Cracking Down

Beijing has tightened its grip on Hong Kong in recent years, dimming hopes that the financial center will ever become a full democracy.

Backgrounder by Lindsay Maizland May 19, 2022

Why Does the Census Matter?

The U.S. census, one of the few in the world to directly count every resident, is used to distribute political power and federal funding. The 2020 count has faced pandemic-related complications and a suite of controversies.

Backgrounder by Andrew Chatzky and Amelia Cheatham May 11, 2021 Renewing America

Black Lives Matter—for Social Justice, and for America’s Global Role

Human rights abuses at home undermine U.S. global leadership.

Blog Post by Stewart M. Patrick June 15, 2020 The Internationalist

Top Stories on CFR

What Do the Dutch Elections Mean for Europe?

Far-right candidate Geert Wilders emerged as the biggest political force in Dutch politics in November’s general elections. What does his win mean for the Netherlands and Europe?

In Brief by Matthias Matthijs December 1, 2023

The Myanmar Army Could Actually Collapse—But Are the United States and Other Powers Ready for Such a Scenario?

Myanmar's military has recently suffered a string of defeats—but the U.S. government seems unprepared to face the country's potential state collapse.

Blog Post by Joshua Kurlantzick November 30, 2023 Asia Unbound

Russia Must Be Held Accountable for Alleged Criminal Aggression in Ukraine: Two Paths to Justice

The authors, including a former Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, UN Undersecretary-General for Legal Affairs, Founding Chief Prosecutor of the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone, and the inaugural U.S. Ambassador at Large for War Crimes Issues, urge the imperative of prosecuting alleged Russian crimes of aggression in Ukraine, and present two practical options for doing so.

Article by David J. Scheffer, Irwin Cotler, Hans Corell and David Crane November 28, 2023 International Institutions and Global Governance Program