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February 16, 2024

United Kingdom
Moving Past the Troubles: The Future of Northern Ireland Peace

The Good Friday Agreement has dampened sectarian conflict and brought stability to Northern Ireland, but the peace deal has been challenged by Brexit-related border tensions that have thrown the regi…

A peace mural adorns a building in a loyalist neighborhood of Belfast
Backgrounder by Charles Landow and James McBride

November 1, 2005

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Northern Ireland Loyalist Paramilitaries (U.K., extremists)

This publication is now archived. Who are Northern Ireland’s “loyalists”?Loyalists want Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom , and many are willing to support the use of violence to …

Backgrounder

December 4, 2023

Budget, Debt, and Deficits
The U.S. National Debt Dilemma

With the U.S. national debt already exceeding $16 trillion, President Trump’s tax reform and budget deals with Congress have added to the country’s deficits. CFR explores the origins of the national debt, the risks it presents, and the outlook for change.

An exterior view of the U.S. Treasury building from below
Backgrounder by James McBride, Noah Berman, and Anshu Siripurapu Renewing America

May 21, 2008

United Kingdom
IRA Splinter Groups (U.K., separatists)

A profile of three IRA splinter groups that remain active in Northern Ireland.

Backgrounder by Holly Fletcher

March 16, 2010

United Kingdom
Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) (aka, PIRA, "the provos," Óglaigh na hÉireann) (UK separatists)

The provisional Irish Republican Army, or IRA, is an outgrowth of an older group known as the Irish Republican Army, which fought an insurgency that successfully challenged British rule in the whole …

Backgrounder by Kathryn Gregory