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October 12, 2023

International Organizations
The World Bank Group’s Role in Global Development

Since its founding in 1944, the World Bank has evolved from a lender focused on European reconstruction to the preeminent international institution for economic development and poverty reduction.

A woman reads in front of a chalkboard in an outdoor classroom in Niger.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters, Noah Berman, and Andrew Chatzky

May 25, 2023

Middle East and North Africa
The Arab League

Founded as a loose confederation of states in 1945, the Arab League has struggled to overcome dysfunction and disunity among its members.

Flag of Arab League member states accompany the league's seal
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters and Mohammed Aly Sergie

July 27, 2022

North Korea
What to Know About Sanctions on North Korea

World powers continue to punish North Korea with economic sanctions, but the pressure has so far failed to push Pyongyang toward denuclearization.

A woman works at a textile mill in Pyongyang, North Korea.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

February 16, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: The Iraqi Insurgency

This publication is now archived. Will the Iraqi insurgency quiet down after June 30?Probably not. Violence caused by insurgents has surged as the June 30 handover of sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman

January 24, 2008

Kenya
Understanding Kenya’s Politics

While some reports attribute Kenya’s postelection crisis to tribalism, most analysts see weak political institutions at the root of problems.

Backgrounder by Stephanie Hanson