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October 12, 2023

International Organizations
The World Bank Group’s Role in Global Development

Since its founding in 1944, the World Bank has evolved from a lender focused on European reconstruction to the preeminent international institution for economic development and poverty reduction.

A woman reads in front of a chalkboard in an outdoor classroom in Niger.

May 25, 2023

Middle East and North Africa
The Arab League

Founded as a loose confederation of states in 1945, the Arab League has struggled to overcome dysfunction and disunity among its members.

Flag of Arab League member states accompany the league's seal

September 16, 2005

Wars and Conflict
IRAQ: Is there Civil War in Iraq?

This publication is now archived. IntroductionBack in July, John Burns of the New York Times posed a provocative question: If there’s civil war in Iraq, how will we know it? The answer may be unclear…

June 9, 2005

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
IRAQ: Militia Groups

This publication is now archived. What’s the status of Iraq’s various militia groups?Despite repeated U.S. requests for them to disband, Iraq’s various ethnic and sectarian militias continue to exist…

May 6, 2005

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
IRAQ: Insurgents’ Tactics

This publication is now archived. Have Iraq’s insurgents shifted tactics?It’s unclear. In the months after the January 30 elections, insurgent attacks had grown more sophisticated and larger-scale, b…