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March 8, 2024

Elections and Voting
The Outlook for Women’s Political Leadership in 2024

As a record number of countries hold elections in 2024, panelists reflect on the substantive policy achievements of women political leaders, needed measures to achieve increased women’s leadership, a…

Play European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen (L) and US Vice President Kamala Harris (R) smile at each other.

September 20, 2023

Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa’s ‘Leaders for Life’

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to many of the world’s longest-ruling heads of state. Pro-democracy advocates have at times successfully stopped presidents from extending their mandates, but the authorita…

A worker throws away campaign posters of President Yoweri Museveni after Uganda’s 2021 election.

June 2, 2010

Iran
Deterrence Misapplied

Overview Given the nature and structure of its government, is it possible to contain an Iran with nuclear weapons? In this discussion paper, sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Fred…

Deterrence Misapplied header

February 12, 2009

Russia
Moscow Indicates It Won’t Be Ignored in the ’Near Abroad’

S. Frederick Starr, a longtime expert on the Caucasus and Central Asia, says Russia is using a "carrot and stick" approach to attempt to force the United States out of a crucial air base in Kyrgyzsta…

October 9, 2019

Sub-Saharan Africa
The Origins of African States, and Their Names

An article on the origins of the names of African countries was recently published in Quartz. It includes a map of the continent in 1885, shortly after the Berlin Conference. Portuguese and Arabic traders and explorers are the origins of some names, European mispronunciation of tribal names are the origins of others.

A bird flies in front of Mount Kenya on the horizon in Laikipia national park, Kenya.

February 5, 2021

Local and Traditional Leadership
Ethnic and Religious Violence Worsen in Kaduna

Kaduna is increasingly the epicenter of violence in Nigeria, rivaling Borno state, the home turf of Boko Haram. In rural areas, conflicts over water and land use are escalating, and Ansaru, a less prominent Islamist group, is active.

A picture of the Sultan Bello mosque, also known as the Kaduna Central mosque, in Kaduna, Nigeria.