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September 20, 2023

Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa’s ‘Leaders for Life’

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to many of the world’s longest-ruling heads of state. Pro-democracy advocates have at times successfully stopped presidents from extending their mandates, but the authorita…

A worker throws away campaign posters of President Yoweri Museveni after Uganda’s 2021 election.
Backgrounder by Claire Klobucista and Mariel Ferragamo

June 3, 2022

Cuba
U.S.-Cuba Relations

Communist Cuba has long been a major foreign policy challenge for the United States. President Biden is the latest U.S. leader to grapple with how to balance democracy promotion with the desire for a…

A man shows U.S. and Cuban flags at his house in Havana.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

October 19, 2022

Americas
The Organization of American States

The Organization of American States is an important forum for regional diplomacy and has become more assertive in promoting the rule of law, human rights, and fair elections as some states face domes…

Secretary-General Luis Almagro convenes the OAS’s fifty-second General Assembly in Lima, Peru.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

January 10, 2008

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Colombia’s Right-Wing Paramilitaries and Splinter Groups

Colombian President Alvaro Uribe was hailed for his plan to demobilize the country’s paramilitaries, but observers warn the groups are reforming under a different guise.

Backgrounder by Stephanie Hanson

November 17, 2008

Spain
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain, separatists, Euskadi ta Askatasuna)

A profile of ETA, a terrorist separatist group operating in the Basque regions of Spain and France.

Backgrounder