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January 5, 2021

Political History and Theory
The Council on Foreign Relations at 100: The History

2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the Council on Foreign Relations. Since its inception in 1921, the Council has been guided by an unwavering set of core principles: independence, nonpartisanship, …

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May 2, 2022

Japan
After Seventy-Five Years, Will Japan Strengthen Its Military?

Since it went into effect seventy-five years ago, Japan’s constitution has prevented the country from engaging in combat. But China’s growing military power and North Korea’s increasing threats raise…

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April 23, 2019

Japan
Why Japan Is Reassessing Its Military Power

Following World War II, Japan’s U.S.–imposed constitution renounced the use of offensive military force. But a nuclear North Korea and an increasingly assertive China have the Japanese rethinking tha…

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September 11, 2012

Peacekeeping
The Oslo Accords | History Lessons

CFR’s James M. Lindsay discusses the signing of the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993, including the secret negotiations that produced the agreement, what its terms stipulated, and how it failed to …

September 25, 2012

Germany
History Lessons: The Munich Agreement

CFR’s James M. Lindsay reflects on the signing of the Munich Agreement on September 30, 1938 and how the United States can apply the lesson learned to potential threats in the world today.