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September 20, 2023

Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa’s ‘Leaders for Life’

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to many of the world’s longest-ruling heads of state. Pro-democracy advocates have at times successfully stopped presidents from extending their mandates, but the authorita…

A worker throws away campaign posters of President Yoweri Museveni after Uganda’s 2021 election.
Backgrounder by Claire Klobucista and Mariel Ferragamo

April 18, 2024

Palestinian Territories
What Is Hamas?

The Palestinian militant group struggled to govern the Gaza Strip before launching a surprise attack on Israel in 2023. Now facing Israel’s military campaign to destroy it, Hamas’s future is in doubt…

Gun-toting Hamas militants ride a vehicle amid a massive crowd of the group's supporters
Backgrounder by Kali Robinson

April 17, 2024

Iran
Iran’s Revolutionary Guards

Conceived as the principal defenders of the 1979 revolution, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has evolved into an institution with vast political, economic, and military power.

Members of the Revolutionary Guards attend a parliamentary session in Tehran.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

July 2, 2012

Syria
Syria’s Leaders

As international attention focuses on the Syrian regime of President Bashar al-Assad, cfr.org profiles some of the nation’s top leaders.

Backgrounder by Esther Pan

February 8, 2006

Palestinian Territories
Hamas’ Leaders

As Hamas prepares to take over the government of the Palestinian Authority, CFR.org profiles some of its most prominent leaders.

Backgrounder by Alexandra Silver

October 4, 2005

Democracy
Profiles of Palestinian Leaders

CFR.org profiles the most prominent Palestinian leaders.

Backgrounder