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January 27, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani

This publication is now archived. Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani?He is the most important Shiite cleric in Iraq, where the population is about 60 percent Shiite. The reclusive, Iranian-bor…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman

February 14, 2023

Ukraine
Ukraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of Europe and Russia

Ukraine’s Westward drift since independence has been countered by the sometimes violent tug of Russia, felt most recently with Putin’s 2022 invasion.

An anti-government protester sits on a monument during clashes with riot police in Kyiv on February 20, 2014.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters

December 5, 2022

Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
A Guide to Global COVID-19 Vaccine Efforts

The swift development of effective vaccines against COVID-19 was an unprecedented scientific achievement. But production challenges, vaccine nationalism, and new variants have all presented hurdles.

Physician Alister Martin receives one of the first doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S., December 16, 2020.Craig F. Walker
Backgrounder by Claire Klobucista

February 17, 2005

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
TERROR: Military Tribunals

This publication is now archived. When will the military tribunals for Guantanamo Bay detainees begin?It’s unclear. The United States on February 24 charged two suspects, Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al-Qos…

Backgrounder by Esther Pan

December 22, 2022

Human Rights
Marriage Equality: Global Comparisons

A growing number of countries are legalizing same-sex marriage amid a steady advance in rights for LGBTQ+ people, but opposition remains strong in many others.

Two young women sitting in ornate white chairs and holding hands surrounded by members of the media.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors