{"id":52,"date":"2026-01-13T06:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T06:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cfrdevwp.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=52"},"modified":"2026-01-13T11:45:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T11:45:56","slug":"withdrawal-from-the-paris-climate-agreement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/withdrawal-from-the-paris-climate-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"Withdrawal From the Paris Agreement"},"content":{"rendered":"

The signing of the Paris Agreement in December 2015 marked a breakthrough in climate diplomacy. After numerous prior failed attempts, 194 countries agreed to work to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide and methane that are changing the climate. The United States, the world\u2019s second largest emitter annually and the largest emitter cumulatively, was among the countries that signed the Paris Agreement, which is also known as the Paris climate accord. On June 1, 2017, President Donald Trump, who had come to office five months earlier, fulfilled a campaign promise by announcing that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement. He argued that the agreement would hamstring the U.S. energy industry and cost millions of American jobs while doing little to limit climate change, something he had repeatedly called a \u201choax.\u201d No other country followed Trump\u2019s lead, leaving the United States diplomatically isolated as average global temperatures climbed and extreme weather events multiplied. SHAFR historians ranked the withdrawal from the Paris Agreement as the seventh-worst U.S. foreign policy decision.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The signing of the Paris Agreement in December 2015 marked a breakthrough in climate diplomacy. After numerous prior failed attempts, 194 countries agreed to work to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide and methane that are changing the climate. The United States, the world\u2019s second largest emitter annually and the largest emitter […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1944,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-worst-decisions"],"acf":{"add_section":[{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"A Changing Climate","add_section_content":"Concerns that burning fossil fuels and releasing heat-trapping aerosols might change the Earth\u2019s climate date back to the 1950s. The physics of how the emission of heat-trapping gases changes the climate is well understood. Life is possible on Earth because the atmosphere traps heat. Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons trap heat, which is why they are often called greenhouse gases. Increasing their presence in the atmosphere heats up the globe.\r\n\r\nEven small changes in the average global temperature can dramatically change the climate, affecting the location and amount of rainfall, the intensity of storms, and the probability of extreme weather events while melting glaciers and leading sea levels to rise. Scientists estimate that during the peak of the last ice age the average global temperature was just 11\u00b0F (6\u00b0C) colder than today. During the 1980s and 1990s, scientists debated the extent to which human activity rather than natural variation caused the observable changes in the Earth\u2019s climate. It is now well established that human activity is driving rapid and consequential climate change.","add_image":1954,"image_position":"right","background":true,"quote_content":"","quote_footer":"","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"The Kyoto Protocol","add_section_content":"Multilateral efforts to understand and respond to possible climate change began in the 1980s. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created in 1988 and tasked with deepening scientific understanding of possible climate change. Four years later, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted. It was charged with limiting greenhouse gas concentrations \u201cat a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human induced) interference with the climate system.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn December 1997, the countries that were parties to the UNFCCC negotiated the Kyoto Protocol. It was based on the principle that wealthy industrialized nations had contributed disproportionately to rising greenhouse gases. As a result, by ratifying the treaty, these countries agreed to take on a legal obligation to cut their emissions. The treaty did not, however, impose a similar obligation on developing countries such as China and India. Indeed, they were free to increase their emissions. The differential treatment of wealthy and developing countries reflected the view that poorer countries, which had generated far fewer emissions historically than wealthy countries, had a right to develop their economies just as wealthy countries had.\r\n\r\nPresident Bill Clinton signed the protocol on behalf of the United States in November 1998. However, he did not submit it for Senate approval because it had no chance of passing. The Senate had previously voted 95 to 0 in favor of a resolution opposing any climate deal that did not require developing countries to reduce emissions. As a result, the United States did not become a member of the Kyoto Protocol. In 2001, President George W. Bush formally withdrew the U.S. signature on the treaty, citing among other reasons the potential \u201cserious harm to the U.S. economy\u201d and \u201cour workers\u201d that would come from adhering to it.","add_image":"","image_position":"null","background":false,"quote_content":"","quote_footer":"","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"The Road to Paris","add_section_content":"The potential effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol was always questionable. Besides the treaty's immense complexity, which raised questions about compliance, the exclusion of developing countries with rapidly rising emissions meant that it applied to just a fraction of total global emissions. The refusal of the United States to participate guaranteed the treaty would not meet it objective even though some signatories slowed their emissions. Multiple international summits convened in the early 2000s to negotiate a follow-up agreement to Kyoto. They failed, however, to generate consensus, in large part because of disagreement over whether poorer countries had an obligation to curb their emissions. In the interim, the concentration of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere continued to grow, and developing countries became bigger contributors to the problem. China passed the United States as the world\u2019s largest emitter of greenhouse gases in 2006. India became world\u2019s third-largest emitter in 2010.","add_image":1965,"image_position":"right","background":true,"quote_content":"","quote_footer":"","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"The Paris Agreement","add_section_content":"Delegates from nearly two hundred countries convened in Paris in late November 2015 for two weeks of negotiations. Their discussions led to a joint pledge to work to limit the increase in the average global temperature by 2100 to below 3.6\u00b0F (2\u00b0C) compared to pre-industrial levels, with the goal being to limit the increase to 2.7\u00b0F (1.5\u00b0C).\u00a0<\/strong>Countries also agreed to use reforestation and other techniques to capture greenhouse gases and to pursue efforts to adapt to climate change.\r\n\r\nThe Paris Agreement differed from the Kyoto Protocol in two critical respects. First, it asked all countries to work to reduce emissions, rather than placing the responsibility solely on wealthy nations. Second, it did not impose legally binding reduction requirements on countries; instead, it allowed each country to set its own so-called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to emission reductions. The agreement would enter into force once fifty-five countries that produced at least 55 percent of the world\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions formally approved the accord.","add_image":"","image_position":"bottom","background":false,"quote_content":"","quote_footer":"","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""},{"quote_section":"videolink","add_section_title":"Joining the Agreement","add_section_content":"

\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\nThe Paris Agreement opened for signature by governments at the United Nations in New York on Earth Day, April 22, 2016. The United States and 173 other countries signed the agreement that day. The accord took effect on November 4, 2016, after the number of formal approvals reached the required threshold.\r\n\r\nThe United States completed the process of joining the Paris Agreement in September 2016 when it submitted its plan for reducing emissions. Because the Paris Agreement did not impose binding requirements on the United States, it was not regarded as a treaty under U.S. law and the Senate\u2019s advice and consent was not required. Instead, President Barack Obama, whose administration negotiated the agreement, treated the accord as an executive agreement that he could conclude on his own constitutional authority.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","add_image":1974,"image_position":"right","background":false,"quote_content":"There is a situation where six\u2014if you take the E.U., seven\u2014stand against one,\u201d Merkel said after the meeting concluded. The G-7 had become a G-6 + 1. \u201cNow China leads,\u201d a resigned Macron concluded. ","quote_footer":"","video_title":"President Barack Obama Announces the Paris Agreement, December 12, 2015","video_link":"","youtube_link":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zgj5MW3PsGM"},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"Joining the Agreement","add_section_content":"
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\nThe Paris Agreement opened for signature by governments at the United Nations in New York on Earth Day, April 22, 2016. The United States and 173 other countries signed the agreement that day. The accord took effect on November 4, 2016, after the number of formal approvals reached the required threshold.\r\n\r\nThe United States completed the process of joining the Paris Agreement in September 2016 when it submitted its plan for reducing emissions. Because the Paris Agreement did not impose binding requirements on the United States, it was not regarded as a treaty under U.S. law and the Senate\u2019s advice and consent was not required. Instead, President Barack Obama, whose administration negotiated the agreement, treated the accord as an executive agreement that he could conclude on his own constitutional authority.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","add_image":1974,"image_position":"right","background":true,"quote_content":"There is a situation where six\u2014if you take the E.U., seven\u2014stand against one,\u201d Merkel said after the meeting concluded. The G-7 had become a G-6 + 1. \u201cNow China leads,\u201d a resigned Macron concluded.","quote_footer":"","video_title":"President Barack Obama Announces the Paris Agreement, December 12, 2015","video_link":"","youtube_link":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zgj5MW3PsGM"},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"The United States Withdraws","add_section_content":"Trump was elected president in November 2016. During the presidential campaign, he had denounced the Paris Agreement. Although it lacked binding targets and enforcement mechanisms, he insisted it was \u201cbad for US business\u201d and promised to \u201ccancel\u201d U.S. participation. Once in office, Trump\u2019s senior national security and economic advisers urged him to continue U.S. participation. Canadian and European leaders did likewise at the Group of Seven (G7) Summit in Italy in late May 2017.\r\n\r\nThe appeals from advisors and allied leaders did not move Trump. Shortly after returning from the G7 Summit, he strode into the Rose Garden to announce, \u201cWe\u2019re getting out.\u201d The reason he gave was the same he had given on the campaign trail: \u201cThe Paris Agreement handicaps the United States economy.\u201d Because Obama had treated the Paris Agreement as an executive agreement, Trump had unquestioned constitutional authority to order the withdrawal.","add_image":"","image_position":"null","background":true,"quote_content":"","quote_footer":"","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""},{"quote_section":"videolink","add_section_title":"Withdrawing, Rejoining, and Withdrawing Again","add_section_content":"The terms of the Paris Agreement barred all signatories from leaving the agreement for the first three years it was in effect. The agreement also required a one-year waiting period before any withdrawal could go into effect. The Trump administration submitted its formal withdrawal notice on November 4, 2019, the first day such notice could be given. Although the United States was bound to the terms of the accord during this time, the Trump administration terminated most of the domestic initiatives the Obama administration had initiated to meet U.S. NDCs and Trump officials did not participate in the procedures the Paris Agreement established.\r\n\r\nThe United States formally left the Paris Agreement on November 4, 2020, the day after the 2020 presidential election. After being inaugurated in January 2021, President Joe Biden directed the United States to rejoin the Paris Agreement. Trump rescinded U.S. participation a second time after he returned to the White House in 2025.","add_image":1982,"image_position":"right","background":true,"quote_content":"","quote_footer":"","video_title":"President Donald Trump Announces the U.S. Withdrawal From the Paris Agreement, June 1, 2017","video_link":"","youtube_link":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/F2T7aNsi5ro?si=-QCTHCM5h65n71gl&t=155"},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"Withdrawing, Rejoining, and Withdrawing Again","add_section_content":"The terms of the Paris Agreement barred all signatories from leaving the agreement for the first three years it was in effect. The agreement also required a one-year waiting period before any withdrawal could go into effect. The Trump administration submitted its formal withdrawal notice on November 4, 2019, the first day such notice could be given. Although the United States was bound to the terms of the accord during this time, the Trump administration terminated most of the domestic initiatives the Obama administration had initiated to meet U.S. NDCs and Trump officials did not participate in the procedures the Paris Agreement established.\r\n\r\nThe United States formally left the Paris Agreement on November 4, 2020, the day after the 2020 presidential election. After being inaugurated in January 2021, President Joe Biden directed the United States to rejoin the Paris Agreement. Trump rescinded U.S. participation a second time after he returned to the White House in 2025.","add_image":1982,"image_position":"right","background":true,"quote_content":"It is deplorable that the president of the US has decided to pull out of the Paris agreement. It is unfortunately not the first time. The Paris agreement is bigger than one country, it is 194 countries who have collectively continued to fight climate change despite the absence of the US.","quote_footer":"Steven Guilbeault, Canada\u2019s minister of environment and climate change, January 2025","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""},{"quote_section":"imagecontent","add_section_title":"The Legacy of the U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement","add_section_content":"The decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement left the United States isolated on global climate diplomacy. No other country followed Trump\u2019s lead. Indeed, many countries followed through on their commitment to curb emissions. The UN Environment Programme concluded in 2023 that the rate of the increase in global emissions had slowed substantially after the Paris Agreement went into effect. The ultimate success of the Paris Agreement in reducing emissions and achieving its core objective of limiting the increase in the average global temperature by 2100 to below 3.6\u00b0F (2\u00b0C) will depend on more than just whether the United States participates. But the U.S. departure made it easier for other countries to relax their own efforts to curb emissions. The withdrawal also fueled doubts about reliability of the United States as a partner in addressing global challenges. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continued to rise, and the number of extreme weather events multiplied; 2024 was the hottest year on record.","add_image":"","image_position":"null","background":false,"quote_content":"It is deplorable that the president of the US has decided to pull out of the Paris agreement. It is unfortunately not the first time. The Paris agreement is bigger than one country, it is 194 countries who have collectively continued to fight climate change despite the absence of the US.","quote_footer":"Steven Guilbeault, Canada\u2019s minister of environment and climate change, January 2025","video_title":"","video_link":null,"youtube_link":""}],"add_testimonials":[{"author_name":"Colleen Woods","add_testimonial_content":"The withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement sent a message to the world that the United States would not be part of the climate solution\u2014and if the United States is not part of the solution, why should any other country be compelled to participate? It was decision made in utter disregard of science that clearly shows the existential crisis humanity faces.","add_university_department":"Professor of History, University of Maryland","add_image":1999},{"author_name":"Evan Bonney","add_testimonial_content":"The withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement of 2017 has greatly impacted the confidence that other countries have in the United States to work to mitigate environmental change on a planetary scale. This decision has the most immediate impact for future political-economic relations that the United States will have. ","add_university_department":"Doctoral Candidate in the Department of History, Sciences Politiques Paris","add_image":2015},{"author_name":"Chris Nitschke","add_testimonial_content":"The withdrawal from the Paris Agreement was an unnecessary act of retrenchment that took the United States out of a badly needed leadership role on one of the most pressing and truly global problems.","add_university_department":"Research Fellow at the Rothemere American Institute, University of Oxford","add_image":2028},{"author_name":"Justin Jackson","add_testimonial_content":"Withdrawing from the Paris Accords only hastened the race to planetary self-destruction; there is no point of having a foreign policy if the planet becomes uninhabitable.","add_university_department":"Associate Professor, Bard College","add_image":2040}],"learn_more_title":"Learn More","add_learn_more_content":"Primary documents, books, articles, and more on the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.","add_sources":[{"add_sources_title":"Primary Documents","single_source":[{"source_link_title":{"title":"The Paris Agreement","url":"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/parisagreement_publication.pdf","target":""},"source_content":"The text of the 2015 agreement to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"White House, \u201cStatement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord,\u201d June 1, 2017","url":"https:\/\/trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov\/articles\/president-trump-announces-u-s-withdrawal-paris-climate-accord\/","target":""},"source_content":"The text of Trump\u2019s announcement of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"State Department, \u201cOn the U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement\u201d","url":"https:\/\/2017-2021.state.gov\/on-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement\/","target":""},"source_content":"The U.S. Department of State\u2019s official statement arguing that the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement was justified because the accord imposed unfair economic burdens on American workers and taxpayers.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"White House, \u201cPutting America First in International Environmental Agreements,\u201d January 20, 2025","url":"https:\/\/nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fpresidential-actions%2F2025%2F01%2Fputting-america-first-in-international-environmental-agreements%2F&data=05%7C02%7COBerry%40cfr.org%7Cf2fa261f8f4044fbc3d308de38345e70%7C146cc3db32f24b3c815625bcc3553464%7C0%7C0%7C639009994756073869%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=L0xog5mnr8MYB%2BKRnSkZJvoFevSXeQenl8wdpl3vXZg%3D&reserved=0","target":""},"source_content":"The text of Trump\u2019s 2025 order directing the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement for a second time.\r\n\r\n","source_image":""}]},{"add_sources_title":"Books","single_source":[{"source_link_title":{"title":"Todd Stern, Landing the Paris Climate Agreement: How It Happened, Why It Matters, and What Comes Next","url":"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262049146\/landing-the-paris-climate-agreement\/","target":""},"source_content":"The chief U.S. climate negotiator during the Obama administration, Stern provides a detailed account of the diplomatic efforts, challenges, and strategies that produced the historic accord.","source_image":1439}]},{"add_sources_title":"Articles","single_source":[{"source_link_title":{"title":"James McBride, \u201cThe Consequences of Leaving the Paris Agreement\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/consequences-leaving-paris-agreement?_gl=1*1m11pjo*_gcl_au*MTE5ODI3MjAyNC4xNzYyMjQ2MDAz*_ga*MzU5ODk2NTkuMTc2MjI0NjAwNA..*_ga_24W5E70YKH*czE3NjIyNTU1ODIkbzIkZzEkdDE3NjIyNjM1NDUkajQxJGwwJGgw","target":""},"source_content":"An assessment of the domestic and global consequences of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"Climate Analytics, \u201cFact Check: President Trump\u2019s Speech on Intention to Withdraw From the Paris Agreement, 1 June 2017\u201d","url":"https:\/\/ca1-clm.edcdn.com\/assets\/fact_check_trump_pa_withdrawal_announcement.pdf?v=1679478092","target":""},"source_content":"An analysis of the factual claims that Trump made in announcing the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"Science, \u201cTrump Dumps Paris Climate Deal: Reaction\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/trump-dumps-paris-climate-deal-reaction","target":""},"source_content":"A compendium of reactions by scientists and political leaders to the decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"Evan Tright, \u201c\u2019Make Our Planet Great Again\u2019: The Impact of Trump\u2019s Decision to Leave the Paris Agreement\u201d","url":"https:\/\/peacepalacelibrary.nl\/blog\/2017\/make-our-planet-great-again-impact-trumps-decision-leave-paris-agreement","target":""},"source_content":"An examination of Trump\u2019s decision to exit the Paris Agreement that provides the reactions of other world leaders.","source_image":""}]},{"add_sources_title":"Documentaries and Short Videos","single_source":[{"source_link_title":{"title":"Washington Post, \u201cWhy Trump\u2019s Withdrawal From the Paris Climate Agreement Is So Controversial\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/video\/business\/why-trumps-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement-is-so-controversial\/2017\/06\/01\/b5942710-471c-11e7-8de1-cec59a9bf4b1_video.html","target":""},"source_content":"A four-minute assessment of the backlash against the decision to abandon the Paris Agreement.","source_image":""}]},{"add_sources_title":"Lectures and Podcasts","single_source":[{"source_link_title":{"title":"Nathan Hultman and Fred Dews, \u201cAfter the Paris Climate Accord\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/after-the-paris-climate-accord\/","target":""},"source_content":"Two scholars at the Brookings Institution discuss the ramifications of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris agreement.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"The President\u2019s Inbox, \u201cLeaving the Paris Climate Agreement\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/podcasts\/leaving-paris-climate-agreement?_gl=1*1d7q3cb*_gcl_au*MTE5ODI3MjAyNC4xNzYyMjQ2MDAz*_ga*MzU5ODk2NTkuMTc2MjI0NjAwNA..*_ga_24W5E70YKH*czE3NjIyNTU1ODIkbzIkZzEkdDE3NjIyNjM3MTEkajU5JGwwJGgw","target":""},"source_content":"Two scholars at the Council on Foreign Relations assess the consequences of the United States leaving the Paris Agreement.","source_image":""},{"source_link_title":{"title":"WRI\u2019s Big Ideas Into Action, \u201cPress Call: Response to President Trump\u2019s Announcement on Paris Agreement\u201d","url":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/world-resources-institute\/press-call-response-to-president-trumps-announcement-on-paris-agreement","target":""},"source_content":"A discussion of what the announcement of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement meant for climate change, energy, business, and international dynamics.","source_image":""}]},{"add_sources_title":"Timeline","single_source":[{"source_link_title":{"title":"European Parliament, \u201cA Guide to Climate Change Negotiations\u201d","url":"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/infographic\/climate-negotiations-timeline\/index_en.html","target":""},"source_content":"","source_image":""}]}],"add_bottom_title":"","add_bottom_image":"","add_background_image":"","add_bottom_button":"","add_year":"2017"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/build.mini.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/Screenshot2025-07-22at1.40.18PM.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":59,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3224,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions\/3224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ten-best-ten-worst-us-foreign-policy-decisions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}