Current global population growth rates and consumption patterns are not environmentally sustainable. Integrated population and environment approaches would allow governments to effectively address these at both a macro and micro level.

U.S. foreign aid will be more effective if increased investments are made in reproductive health and family planning programs in high-population-growth countries. These cost-effective programs help reduce the stress that rapid population growth places on a country's economic, environmental, and social resources.

One of the greatest challenges facing the poorest developing countries is the urgent need for comprehensive, integrated reproductive health services. If unanswered, this challenge will jeopardize poverty reduction measures and threaten their long-term economic growth prospects.

Eight years of U.S. attempts to promote a lasting peace for Darfur have failed. The United States should narrow its objectives, focusing on reducing violence and supporting tribal reconciliation.

China's policy of holding down the value of its currency and monetary easing in the United States have led to large capital inflows into emerging economies. Although consensus in emerging markets has formed around capital controls, Francis E. Warnock challenges their underlying assumptions.

CFR Senior Fellow Adam Segal argues that the United States should shape rules for the virtual world through informal multilateralism rather than formal negotiations, reaching out to allies and other powers, as well as private corporations and nongovernmental organizations.

Many low-paying jobs have moved from the United States to rapidly growing markets abroad, and higher-paying jobs may soon follow. While Americans benefit from cheaper goods, employment opportunities have diminished. Policymakers should address this trade-off as a first step toward tackling questions of inequality and economic distribution.

David A. Shirk analyzes the drug war in Mexico and argues that the United States should help Mexico address its pressing crime and corruption problems.

CFR Senior Fellow Michael Levi reviews possible states of the Iranian nuclear program, evaluating the range of policy outcomes in order to better guide decisions on strategy.

High and volatile energy prices have driven the regulation of commodity financial markets to the forefront of the U.S. and G20 policy agendas. Integrated commodity markets require international policy coordination, but not all domestic and international policy initiatives are equally desirable.

The U.S. dollar has a unique status as a reserve currency. Novel policy tools are needed to avoid excess reserve accumulation in surplus nations.

Kara C. McDonald and Stewart M. Patrick offer recommendations for U.S. leadership in United Nations Security Council reform and expansion.

Kay King offers recommendations to reset congressional rules, practices, and procedures to address today's dysfunctional Congress and restore it as a full partner to the executive branch in advancing U.S. national security interests.

This Independent Task Force report assesses U.S. objectives, strategy, and policy options in Pakistan and Afghanistan. It supports a long-term partnership with Pakistan, calls for a new approach to Afghan political reform, reconciliation, and regional diplomacy, and says that a more limited U.S. mission in Afghanistan would be warranted if the present strategy does not show signs of progress. This report is also available in Italian.

Further provocations by North Korea as well as other dangerous military interactions on or around the Korean peninsula remain a serious risk and carry the danger of unintended escalation.

This study examines low-carbon technology innovation and absorption in China, India, and Brazil. It recommends a course for U.S. policy that promotes accelerated innovation and adoption of new technologies while protecting U.S. commercial interests.

What comes after the New START treaty? A follow-on treaty should limit the U.S. and Russia to 1,000 strategic and tactical nuclear weapons, says this CFR report.

This second installment of the Capital Flows Quarterly series investigates two factors that could substantially alter the long-run value of the U.S. dollar: the dollar's reserve status and the sustainability of U.S. international debt.