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October 12, 2023

International Organizations
The World Bank Group’s Role in Global Development

Since its founding in 1944, the World Bank has evolved from a lender focused on European reconstruction to the preeminent international institution for economic development and poverty reduction.

A woman reads in front of a chalkboard in an outdoor classroom in Niger.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters, Noah Berman, and Andrew Chatzky

December 20, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Sunnis, the Elections, and the Insurgency

This publication is now archived. IntroductionThe December 15 parliamentary elections in Iraq were the first since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in which Sunnis actively participated. Their coopera…

Backgrounder by Esther Pan

February 4, 2005

Europe and Eurasia
EUROPE: European Defense Policy

This publication is now archived. What is at stake in the debate about a European defense force?The European Union (E.U.) is planning to create a mobile military force designed to be deployed quickly…

Backgrounder by Esther Pan

September 29, 2005

Diplomacy and International Institutions
Perceptions of U.S. Public Diplomacy

This publication is now archived. Introduction One of the most commonly heard questions after the events of September 11 was: “Why do they hate us?” Four years later, anti-Americanism, particul…

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner

June 8, 2007

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Fatah al-Islam

An overview of the Fatah al-Islam terrorist group.

Backgrounder by Rebecca Bloom