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February 3, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Oil

This publication is now archived. How much oil does Iraq have?Iraq has 112.5 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, or about 10 percent of the world’s known remaining oil--making it a distant second…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman

May 12, 2006

Bolivia
Bolivia’s Nationalization of Oil and Gas

In a region seen as turning leftward, forging alliances would seem a natural course of events. But Bolivian President Evo Morales’ decision to nationalize the oil and gas industry is exposing tension…

Backgrounder by Carin Zissis

May 2, 2024

United States
How U.S. Water Infrastructure Works

The sprawling U.S. water system is central to the nation’s economy, but chronic underinvestment, increasing demand, and the consequences of climate change have revealed the system’s weaknesses.  

A deep blue river flows between rust-colored mesas.
Backgrounder by James McBride and Noah Berman Renewing America

February 22, 2008

Iraq
Why Iraqis Cannot Agree on an Oil Law

The division of Iraq’s oil wealth is an important obstacle to a power-sharing deal. At issue is whether revenues should be regionally or centrally controlled.

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner and Greg Bruno

April 17, 2024

Iran
Iran’s Revolutionary Guards

Conceived as the principal defenders of the 1979 revolution, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has evolved into an institution with vast political, economic, and military power.

Members of the Revolutionary Guards attend a parliamentary session in Tehran.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

October 27, 2023

Iran Nuclear Agreement
What Is the Iran Nuclear Deal?

The United States’ withdrawal from the arms control agreement has heightened tensions and left the remaining signatories scrambling to keep the deal alive.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, French The foreign ministers of China, France, Germany, the European Union, Iran, the United Kingdom, and the United States pose for a photo at the UN building in Vienna, Austria.
Backgrounder by Kali Robinson

October 28, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Oil for Food Scandal

This publication is now archived. What is the controversy over the U.N. Oil-for-Food Program?The UN Security Council started the Oil-for-Food program in 1996 to allow Iraq to sell enough oil to pay f…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman