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September 27, 2023

Belarus
The Belarus-Russia Alliance: An Axis of Autocracy in Eastern Europe

Russia has renewed its long-stalled push for unification with Belarus, using the country as a launchpad for its war against Ukraine and a hardening bulwark against NATO rivals to the west.

Presidents Aleksandr Lukashenko and Vladimir Putin.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters

April 25, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Ibrahim Jaafari

This publication is now archived. What kind of prime minister will Ibrahim Jaafari make?Jaafari, 58, is a conservative, religious Shiite. For nearly 40 years, he has been active in the Islamic Dawa P…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman

February 14, 2023

Ukraine
Ukraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of Europe and Russia

Ukraine’s Westward drift since independence has been countered by the sometimes violent tug of Russia, felt most recently with Putin’s 2022 invasion.

An anti-government protester sits on a monument during clashes with riot police in Kyiv on February 20, 2014.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters

July 18, 2006

Chechnya
The Chechen Separatist Movement

Chechen separatist Shamil Basayev is one of several rebel leaders to die violently in recent years. His death leaves the future of the movement in doubt.

Backgrounder by Elisabeth Smick

November 3, 2005

Territorial Disputes
Nagorno-Karabakh: The Crisis in the Caucasus

This publication is now archived. Nagorno-Karabakh’s recent history One of the former Soviet Union’s most intractable and longstanding conflicts is Nagorno-Karabakh. An enclave the size of Dela…

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner