CFR’s James M. Lindsay remembers the firebombing of Tokyo during World War II and discusses the destructive power of conventional weapons.

CFR’s James M. Lindsay remembers the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and discusses the difficulty inherent in writing a workable constitution.

CFR’s James M. Lindsay recalls the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and discusses the balance between civil liberties and national security.

CFR’s James M. Lindsay remembers Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China in 1972 and discusses the importance of diplomacy in international relations.

CFR’s James M. Lindsay discusses Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in February 1990 and his subsequent rise to the presidency to show how individuals shape history.