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August 15, 2023

United Nations
The Role of the UN Secretary-General

The United Nations’ top leadership position has broad authority to steer the organization’s agenda, but its impact has varied widely since 1946.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres is escorted by staff at a displaced persons camp in Somalia.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

October 12, 2023

International Organizations
The World Bank Group’s Role in Global Development

Since its founding in 1944, the World Bank has evolved from a lender focused on European reconstruction to the preeminent international institution for economic development and poverty reduction.

A woman reads in front of a chalkboard in an outdoor classroom in Niger.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters, Noah Berman, and Andrew Chatzky

May 25, 2023

Middle East and North Africa
The Arab League

Founded as a loose confederation of states in 1945, the Arab League has struggled to overcome dysfunction and disunity among its members.

Flag of Arab League member states accompany the league's seal
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters and Mohammed Aly Sergie

June 9, 2006

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Iraq’s Insurgency After Zarqawi

The death of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Iraq’s most wanted man, is an important event but one unlikely to affect the insurgency greatly.

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner

November 6, 2006

United States
Examining Counterterrorism Culture

Counterterrorism agencies in the United States proudly point to the lack of a “second 9/11 attack” in response to critics of their methods. Here’s a look at the continuing debate over the proper orga…

Backgrounder by Eben Kaplan