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October 12, 2023

International Organizations
The World Bank Group’s Role in Global Development

Since its founding in 1944, the World Bank has evolved from a lender focused on European reconstruction to the preeminent international institution for economic development and poverty reduction.

A woman reads in front of a chalkboard in an outdoor classroom in Niger.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters, Noah Berman, and Andrew Chatzky

August 15, 2023

United Nations
The Role of the UN Secretary-General

The United Nations’ top leadership position has broad authority to steer the organization’s agenda, but its impact has varied widely since 1946.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres is escorted by staff at a displaced persons camp in Somalia.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

September 27, 2023

Belarus
The Belarus-Russia Alliance: An Axis of Autocracy in Eastern Europe

Russia has renewed its long-stalled push for unification with Belarus, using the country as a launchpad for its war against Ukraine and a hardening bulwark against NATO rivals to the west.

Presidents Aleksandr Lukashenko and Vladimir Putin.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters

July 18, 2006

Chechnya
The Chechen Separatist Movement

Chechen separatist Shamil Basayev is one of several rebel leaders to die violently in recent years. His death leaves the future of the movement in doubt.

Backgrounder by Elisabeth Smick

November 3, 2005

Territorial Disputes
Nagorno-Karabakh: The Crisis in the Caucasus

This publication is now archived. Nagorno-Karabakh’s recent history One of the former Soviet Union’s most intractable and longstanding conflicts is Nagorno-Karabakh. An enclave the size of Dela…

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner

November 2, 2005

Elections and Voting
The Importance of Azerbaijan’s Parliamentary Elections

This publication is now archived. IntroductionAzerbaijanis go to the polls November 6 to vote in parliamentary elections that experts fear will be neither free nor fair. Authorities in recent weeks h…

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner