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May 25, 2023

Middle East and North Africa
The Arab League

Founded as a loose confederation of states in 1945, the Arab League has struggled to overcome dysfunction and disunity among its members.

Flag of Arab League member states accompany the league's seal
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters and Mohammed Aly Sergie

September 13, 2023

United Nations
What Is the UN General Assembly?

The General Assembly hosts a much-watched debate of world leaders annually. Its 2023 meeting is expected to emphasize climate change, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, and the war in…

A large UNGA sign is photographed in front of the United Nations buildings.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

October 14, 2023

Lebanon
What Is Hezbollah?

Military experience gained from fighting in Syria’s civil war and decades of clashes with Israel has strengthened the Iran-backed group, but politically, its clout among Lebanon’s populace may be wan…

A crowd of Hezbollah supporters surrounds a giant model of a fist holding a gun.
Backgrounder by Kali Robinson

April 21, 2010

Pakistan
Pakistan’s Constitution

Pakistan’s constitution continues to be the focus of political struggle, with the nation’s prime minister, president, regional governments, and army vying for advantage.

Backgrounder by Jayshree Bajoria Civil Society, Markets, and Democracy Program

February 15, 2005

Afghanistan
AFGHANISTAN: Karzai vs. the Warlords

This publication is now archived. What’s at stake in the government’s confrontation with warlords?Many experts say it is directly related to the upcoming presidential election. They say the October 9…

Backgrounder by Esther Pan