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March 8, 2022

Ukraine
Preventing a Wider European Conflict

To prevent Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine from escalating into a wider European conflict, Thomas Graham recommends that the United States bolster its deterrence efforts with NATO partners, whil…

Russian servicemen drive tanks during military exercises in the Leningrad Region, Russia.
Contingency Planning Memorandum by Thomas Graham Center for Preventive Action

April 11, 2012

South China Sea
Armed Clash in the South China Sea

In April 2015, the author wrote an update to this memo to reflect recent developments in the South China Sea. Read the update. Introduction The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is signif…

Armed Clash in the South China Sea header
Contingency Planning Memorandum by Bonnie S. Glaser Center for Preventive Action

April 22, 2013

Territorial Disputes
A Sino-Japanese Clash in the East China Sea

Introduction Tensions have risen to dangerous levels between Japan and China over a small group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, called the Senkaku by the Japanese and the Diaoyu by t…

A Sino-Japanese Clash in the East China Sea header
Contingency Planning Memorandum by Sheila A. Smith Center for Preventive Action

September 11, 2017

Israel
Israel and Hezbollah: Deterrence and the Threat of Miscalculation

Neither Israel nor Hezbollah may want to return to war, but the risk of conflict is real—especially in Syria. The Trump administration can take action to prevent unintended escalation.

Hezbollah fighters in Syria.
Contingency Planning Memorandum by Daniel C. Kurtzer Center for Preventive Action

March 10, 2016

Jordan
Growing Stress on Jordan

In 2013, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) Contingency Planning Memorandum "Political Instability in Jordan" warned that the biggest threat to the stability of the Hashemite Kingdom stemmed from…

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Contingency Planning Memorandum by Robert Satloff and David Schenker Center for Preventive Action