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September 13, 2023

United Nations
What Is the UN General Assembly?

The General Assembly hosts a much-watched debate of world leaders annually. Its 2023 meeting is expected to emphasize climate change, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, and the war in…

A large UNGA sign is photographed in front of the United Nations buildings.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

August 15, 2023

United Nations
The Role of the UN Secretary-General

The United Nations’ top leadership position has broad authority to steer the organization’s agenda, but its impact has varied widely since 1946.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres is escorted by staff at a displaced persons camp in Somalia.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

June 12, 2024

Military Operations
Sea Power: The U.S. Navy and Foreign Policy

The U.S. Navy’s dominance of the world’s oceans has made it an indispensable foreign policy tool and a guarantor of global trade, but a mix of challenges is raising difficult questions about its futu…

Ships from Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 sail in formation in the Mediterranean Sea.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters

June 11, 2024

United States
Foreign Policy at the U.S. National Political Conventions

Foreign policy issues regularly come to the fore at the national political conventions, especially during periods of global instability. Sometimes the events are marked by bitter disagreements within…

Delegates cheer on the floor of the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters and Gopal Ratnam

December 2, 2008

United States
Robert M. Gates, Defense Secretary

Robert M. Gates, a Cold War veteran selected to remain as defense secretary, has won bipartisan praise for his pragmatism and handling of the Pentagon amid two wars.  

Backgrounder by Robert McMahon

February 3, 2009

Terrorism and Counterterrorism
Eric H. Holder Jr., Attorney General

President Barack Obama’s attorney general, Eric H. Holder Jr., has criticized some of the Bush administration’s counter-terrorism moves, calling for the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention center…

Backgrounder by Joanna , Associate Editor Klonsky