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December 2, 2008

United States
Robert M. Gates, Defense Secretary

Robert M. Gates, a Cold War veteran selected to remain as defense secretary, has won bipartisan praise for his pragmatism and handling of the Pentagon amid two wars.  

Backgrounder by Robert McMahon

May 22, 2024

International Criminal Court
The Role of the ICC

The International Criminal Court was created to bring justice to the world’s worst war criminals, but debate over the court still rages.

Judges are pictured in the courtroom during the trial of Bosco Ntaganda at the International Criminal Court.
Backgrounder by Claire Klobucista and Mariel Ferragamo

April 24, 2024

Cuba
U.S.-Cuba Relations

Cuba has long been a major foreign policy challenge for the United States. President Biden is the latest U.S. leader to grapple with how to balance democracy promotion with the desire for a better bi…

A man shows U.S. and Cuban flags at his house in Havana.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

January 21, 2009

United States
Judging Guantanamo: The Court, Congress, and the White House

The Bush administration’s approach to the detention and prosecution of prisoners held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, has been deemed unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. But the battle continues.

Backgrounder

April 16, 2024

United States
Is Rising Student Debt Harming the U.S. Economy?

Higher education provides students many socioeconomic benefits and increases the global competitiveness of the United States, but mounting student loan debt has sparked a debate over federal lending …

Protestors hold "cancel student debt" signs outside the U.S. Supreme Court.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors Renewing America

February 16, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Editorial Briefing with Robert C. Orr

This publication is now archived. Robert C. OrrRobert C. Orr the director of the Council on Foreign Relations’ Washington program, was a member of a five-person team sent, at the U.S. government’s re…

Backgrounder

February 8, 2024

United States
The U.S. Vice President and Foreign Policy

Modern vice presidents can trace much of their political influence to the broad reforms that Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale made to the second-highest elected office in the late 1970s.

Vice-President-Cheney-Rumsfeld-Libby--.jpg
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters