In the last decade, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has shaped Turkey into a revisionist power that challenges not just its neighbors, but also allies such as France and the United States.

With Washington absent and Berlin indifferent, it has fallen to Paris to deter and defuse the situation.

Israel and the UAE both see Iran as a mutual enemy, but their decision to normalize relations also helps them form a united front against Turkey’s growing regional influence.

Mounting tensions between Greece and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean could depend on the outcome of the U.S. presidential election.