CFR Task Force Calls on the U.S. to Preserve an Open and Secure Internet
The number of "state-backed operations continues to rise, and future attacks will become more sophisticated and disruptive," argues the new Task Force report, Defending an Open, Global, Secure, and Resilient Internet.
June 5, 2013 5:34 pm (EST)
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As President Barack Obama meets with Chinese president Xi Jinping this week, a CFR-sponsored Independent Task Force warns that "escalating attacks on countries, companies, and individuals, as well as pervasive criminal activity, threaten the security and safety of the Internet." The number of "state-backed operations continues to rise, and future attacks will become more sophisticated and disruptive," argues the Task Force report, Defending an Open, Global, Secure, and Resilient Internet.
With the ideal vision of an open and secure Internet increasingly at risk, the Task Force urges the United States, with its friends and allies, "to act quickly to encourage a global cyberspace that reflects shared values of free expression and free markets."
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The Task Force concludes that "the most pressing current threat is not likely to be a single, sudden attack that cripples the United States," but rather "a proliferation of attacks that steal strategically important or valuable data and destroy confidence in the safety and trustworthiness of the Internet." The U.S. administration has named China as a major source of cyber espionage, and the Task Force also finds China to be a serious cause of concern.
The Task Force finds that improved cyber defense and greater resiliency are necessary, but not sufficient. "Offensive capabilities are required to deter attacks, and, if deterrence fails, to impose costs on the attackers." It calls on the United States to launch an "interagency economic counterespionage program that will help prevent foreign services and corporate competitors from stealing secrets from U.S. industry."
The Task Force is chaired by John D. Negroponte, former deputy secretary of state and director of national intelligence, and Samuel J. Palmisano, former chairman of the board and CEO of IBM, and is directed by Adam Segal, CFR’s Maurice R. Greenberg senior fellow for China studies. It includes experts representing a variety of sectors, including high-tech industry and hardware and software companies, as well as leaders on cyber issues (see list below).
The report notes that the number of people online will double to five billion by the end of this decade, and the Internet economy will continue to grow. In the United States alone, the Internet economy, now $68 billion, or 4.7 percent of GDP, is projected to rise to 5.4 percent in 2016, so any successful policy response will have to include the business community and civil society.
A number of governments are using the threat of cyberattacks to justify restrictions on the flow of information, data, and knowledge and are territorializing the Internet based on narrow national interests. The outcome of blocking and filtering is "a fragmented Internet and decline in global free expression." Therefore, the report urges leading nations to agree on a set of norms for activity and engagement in cyberspace. "Now is the time for the United States, with its friends and allies, to ensure the Internet remains an open, global, secure, and resilient environment for users," says the Task Force.
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The report criticizes the United States for "a lack of a coherent vision, the absence of appropriate authority to implement policy, and legislative gridlock." It says, "For the past four decades, the United States was the predominant innovator, promoter, and shaper of cyberspace, but the window for U.S leadership is now closing."
"The bottom line is clear: digital foreign policy must begin with domestic policy," the report concludes. "Successfully meeting the challenges of the digital age requires a rethinking of domestic institutions and processes that were designed for the twentieth century."
The report is available at www.cfr.org/cyber_task_force.
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Task Force Members
Elana Berkowitz, Etsy
Bob Boorstin, Google, Inc.
Jeff A. Brueggeman, AT&T
Peter Cleveland, Intel Corporation
Esther Dyson, EDventure Holdings, Inc.
Martha Finnemore, George Washington University
Patrick Gorman
Michael V. Hayden, Chertoff Group
Eugene J. Huang, American Express
Anthony P. Lee, Altos Ventures
Catherine B. Lotrionte, Georgetown University
Susan Markham Lyne, AOL, Inc.
Naotaka Matsukata, FairWinds Partners
Jeff Moss, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
Craig James Mundie, Microsoft Corporation
John D. Negroponte (co-chair), McLarty Associates
Joseph S. Nye, Harvard University
Samuel J. Palmisano (co-chair), IBM Corporation
Neal A. Pollard, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Elliot J. Schrage, Facebook
Adam Segal (project director), Council on Foreign Relations
Anne-Marie Slaughter, Princeton University
James B. Steinberg, Syracuse University
Lawrence P. Tu, Dell, Inc.
Phoebe Yang, Rock Water Ventures LLC
Ernest James Wilson, III, University of Southern California
Jonathan L. Zittrain, Harvard University
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The Council on Foreign Relations sponsors Independent Task Forces to assess issues of current and critical importance to U.S. foreign policy and provide policymakers with judgments and recommendations. Diverse in backgrounds and perspectives, Task Force members aim to reach a consensus on policy through private and nonpartisan deliberations. Once launched, Task Forces are independent of CFR and responsible for the content of their reports. Task Force members are asked to join a consensus signifying that they endorse "the general policy thrust and judgments reached by the group, though not necessarily every finding and recommendation." Task Force members also have the option of putting forward an additional or a dissenting view. Members’ affiliations are listed for identification purposes only and do not imply institutional endorsement. For more information about CFR Task Forces, contact program director Anya Schmemann at [email protected].