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December 15, 2006

Wars and Conflict
Resetting U.S. Policy in the Middle East

President Bush’s review of U.S. Iraq policy may involve adjustments to broader U.S. strategy in the Mideast. Bush is hearing proposals ranging from a boost in combat forces to engaging Iran and Syria…

Backgrounder by Robert McMahon

September 4, 2014

China
The East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM)

The Muslim separatist group, based in the Xinjiang province in northwest China, presents a heightening security challenge for Beijing.

Protesters hold an East Turkestan flag during a demonstration in Berlin to protest against deadly riots in China’s northwestern region of Xinjiang, July 10, 2009.
Backgrounder by Beina Xu, Holly Fletcher, and Jayshree Bajoria

May 15, 2024

China
Religion in China

A significant proportion of China’s population claims to follow a religion. However, the government continues to toughen oversight, increase persecution of some religions, and attempt to co-opt state…

Chinese Hui Muslim women gather for a group photo before a flag raising ceremony before Eid al-Fitr prayers at the historic Niujie Mosque on April 22, 2023 in Beijing, China.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

April 18, 2024

Palestinian Territories
What Is Hamas?

The Palestinian militant group struggled to govern the Gaza Strip before launching a surprise attack on Israel in 2023. Now facing Israel’s military campaign to destroy it, Hamas’s future is in doubt…

Gun-toting Hamas militants ride a vehicle amid a massive crowd of the group's supporters
Backgrounder by Kali Robinson

February 7, 2005

Middle East and North Africa
MIDDLE EAST: The Disengagement Plan

This publication is now archived. What is Israel’s disengagement plan?Prime Minister Ariel Sharon says Israel may move on its own to evacuate most of the Jewish settlements in Gaza and some in the We…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman

February 7, 2005

Israel
MIDDLE EAST: Peace Plans Background

This publication is now archived. Following are brief descriptions of some recent Mideast peace proposals: 1993 Oslo AccordsThe most difficult issues, including the right of return and settlements, w…

Backgrounder by Esther Pan