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March 20, 2009

Conflict Prevention
The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border

The contentious border between Pakistan and Afghanistan remains a site of major conflict, and houses some of the world’s most dangerous militants.

Backgrounder by Jayshree Bajoria

April 17, 2024

Iran
Iran’s Revolutionary Guards

Conceived as the principal defenders of the 1979 revolution, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has evolved into an institution with vast political, economic, and military power.

Members of the Revolutionary Guards attend a parliamentary session in Tehran.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

March 18, 2024

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
What Is NATO?

The alliance is bolstering its military deterrent in Europe amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and has expanded to include Finland and Sweden.

Swedish soldiers participate in military exercises near Stockholm, February 2024.
Backgrounder by Jonathan Masters

August 3, 2006

Wars and Conflict
NATO and the Afghan-Pakistani Border

Taliban fighters have stepped up their attacks along the Afghan-Pakistani border as the United States hands over control of southern Afghanistan to NATO forces, freeing up American troops to try, onc…

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner

March 7, 2024

China
The China-North Korea Relationship

China is North Korea’s biggest trade partner and has leverage over Kim Jong-un’s regime, yet its policies focus more on border stability than nuclear threat.

Chinese President Xi Jinping waves at photographers as North Korean Leader Kim Jong-Un claps at the Sunan International Airport in Pyongyang, North Korea.
Backgrounder by Clara Fong and Eleanor Albert

November 15, 2005

Israel
The Impact of the Gaza Border Deal

This publication is now archived. What led to the deal to reopen Gaza’s borders?U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice made a focused push for a deal between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, c…

Backgrounder by Esther Pan

March 26, 2024

Refugees and Displaced Persons
How Does the U.S. Refugee System Work?

The United States has long been a safe haven for refugees from around the world. President Biden is working to expand the country’s resettlement program after the Trump administration made sharp cuts…

Afghan refugees walk through Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia, on September 2, 2021.
Backgrounder by Diana Roy, Claire Klobucista, and James McBride Renewing America